Loss of citizenship in EU member states between 2008 and 2015

• at least one of whose married parents is an Austrian citizen
• out of wedlock and whose mother is Austrian citizen
• who is foundling and is found out under the age of 6 months

• 6 years’ residence if born in Austria, citizen of another EEC country, granted asylum, or “exceptionally integrated”
• depending on fulfillment of other conditions, up to 30 years’ residence

• are stateless
• are foundlings
• lose any other nationality before 18
• have a parent born in Belgium^{[citation needed]}
• have a birth or adopted parent resident in Belgium for at least 5 of the past 10 years

• Belgian citizen father^{[citation needed]}

• 5 years’ residence—can petition federal government^{[citation needed]}
• 10 years’ residence—automatic by request at city hall^{[citation needed]}
• 2 years’ residence (stateless persons)

• are stateless
• are foundlings

• The applicant should be at least 18 years old;
• have permission for permanent or for long-term residence in Bulgaria since at least 5 years;
• have not been investigated or sentenced by the Bulgarian authorities;
• have income or occupation;
• be able to speak and write in Bulgarian;
• renounce previous citizenship (not applicable to citizens of the EU and EEA countries, Switzerland and countries with reciprocity agreement with Bulgaria; dual citizenship is allowed for them).

• At least one parent is a Croatian citizen
• who is foundling (but such citizenship can be revoked if later established both parents were foreign citizens)

• 8 years’ residence
• sufficient knowledge of Croatian language

• are stateless
• are foundlings

• 7 years’ residence

• who are foundlings
• whose parents are both stateless, and at least one of whom is a Czech permanent resident

• Holders of a Czech permanent residence permit for at least 5 years (or 3 years for EU citizens), with real/factual residence in Czechia totalling at least half the relevant period (absences not exceeding 2 months (or 6 months for serious reasons) not being relevant)
• Holders of a Czech permanent residence permit (at the date of the application), and lawfully resident in Czechia for 10 years, with real/factual residence in Czechia totalling at least 5 years (absences not exceeding 2 months (or 6 months for serious reasons) not being relevant)

• are foundlings

• Persons who have at least one parent with Danish citizenship.

• 9 years’ residence (holders of a permanent residence permit)
• 8 years’ residence (refugees and stateless persons)
• 2 years’ residence (citizens of a Nordic country, i.e. Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden)

• are foundlings

• Persons who have at least one parent with Estonian citizenship.

• 8 years’ residence

• are stateless, or
• are foundlings

(Possibility to obtain citizenship by declaration exists for inborn aliens who have lived a major part of their childhood in Finland.)

• Five years of continuous residence (or a total of seven years of residence since age 15) in Finland; and
• knowledge of at least one of Finnish, Swedish or Finnish sign language.
• Reductions apply under certain conditions.

• Are stateless.
• Aged 13–16, upon the parent’s request, having resided habitually in France since the age of 8.
• Aged 16–18, upon their own request, having resided in France for 5 years (continuously or discontinuously) since the age of 11.
• Aged 18, automatically for persons born in France, having resided in France for 5 years (continuously or discontinuously) since the age of 11.

^[50]

• Through parentage (right of blood):^[51]
• The child (legitimate or natural) is French if at least one parent is French.

• Through parentage (right of blood)
• Member of recognised historical German community abroad (e.g. in the Balkans, Kazakhstan); Also granted to children/grandchildren of those deprived of citizenship by the Nuremberg Laws

• 8 years’ residence
• 7 years’ residence (if an integration course has been completed)
• 6 years’ residence (if especially well integrated and has a very high command of the German language, or a refugee or stateless person)^{[citation needed]}
• No residence (victims of Nazi persecution)

• have a parent born in Greece
• are foundlings
• are stateless

• Member of recognised historical Greek community abroad in countries of ex-USSR
• Ethnic Greek of different citizenship accepted to military academies, or inscribes to serve to the army, or enlists as a volunteer in time of war
• Child or grandchild of a Greek Citizen

• 10 years residence in the last 12 years
• 5 years residence in the last 12 years for refugees
• Sufficient knowledge of Greek language, Greek history, and Greek culture in general
• Athlete of an Olympic Sport, with 5 years residence in the last 12 years, who fulfills the conditions of being a member of the Greek National Team of that sport, as these are stated by the international laws for that sport

• are foundlings
• are stateless

• At least one parent is a Hungarian citizen
• Any person of Hungarian ethnicity, which has to be proven by

1. sufficient level of Hungarian language
2. demonstrating at least one ancestor born in the Kingdom of Hungary (no limit on number of generations).

• After 8 years and meeting conditions of good character
• After 5 years if
  • born in Hungary
  • resided in Hungary in their pupillage
  • stateless
• After 3 years if
  • married to a Hungarian citizen
  • has a minor child that is Hungarian citizen
  • adopted by a Hungarian citizen
  • refugee in Hungary

• are automatically an Irish citizen if he or she is not entitled to the citizenship of any other country.
• entitled to be an Irish citizen if at least one parent is:
  • an Irish citizen (or someone entitled to be an Irish citizen).
  • a resident of the island of Ireland who is entitled to reside in either the Republic or Northern Ireland without any time limit on that residence.
  • a legal resident of the island of Ireland for three out of the 4 years preceding the child’s birth.

• if at the time of birth, at least one parent was an Irish citizen.
• if you have an Irish citizen grandparent born on the island of Ireland. The parent would have automatically been an Irish citizen. Grandchild can secure citizenship by registering themselves in the Foreign Births Register. Citizenship gained via the Foreign Births Register can only be passed on to children born after the parent themselves were registered.

• 5 years of residency in Ireland, of which 1 (one) year immediately before application
  • The residency period can be waived, in the discretion of the Minister of Justice, for a person of “Irish descent or associations”.

• are foundlings
• are stateless

• 10 years’ residence, no criminal record and sufficient financial resources
• 7 years’ residence for children adopted by Italian citizens
• 5 years’ residence for refugees or stateless individuals
• 4 years’ residence for EU member states nationals^[52]
• 3 years’ residence for descendants of Italian grandparents and for foreigners^{[citation needed]} born in Italy

• After 5 years of permanent residence

• are stateless.

• at least one parent is a Lithuanian citizen
• at least one direct ancestor was Lithuanian citizen during the period of 1918-1940.

• 10 years of continuous residence (plus demonstrating Lithuanian language ability, passing the Constitution exam, having no criminal record)

• are stateless, or
• are foundlings, or
• have a parent born in Luxembourg

• 5 years’ residence, including 12 months continuous residence immediately preceding the citizenship application

• Persons born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989
• Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 to a father with Maltese citizenship through birth in Malta, registration or naturalisation
• Persons born on or after 1 August 1989, inside or outside Malta, to at least one parent with Maltese citizenship through birth in Malta, registration or naturalisation

• Direct descendant, second or subsequent generation, born abroad of an ascendant who was born in Malta of a parent who was also born in Malta.

• 5 years of residence or
• citizenship-by-investment program

• see: “Dutch by birth”

• Persons with a Dutch parent

• A child born to a Polish parent.
• Children born or found in Poland acquire Polish citizenship when both parents are unknown, or when their citizenship cannot be established, or if determined to be statelessness.

• 3 years of residence with permanent residence permit card under the condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate
• 2 years of residence with permanent residence permit card acquired on the basis of marriage with Polish citizen and condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate
• 1 year of residence with permanent residence permit card acquired on the basis of Polish ethnicity or by possessing Pole’s Card and condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate
• 10 years of lawful residence (under any type of residence permit/visas) and possession of permanent residence card with condition of speaking Polish language proven by certificate

• would otherwise be stateless
• is a foundling
• is born to non-citizen birth parents one of whom, at least, is resident in Portugal at the time of the birth (independently of the legality of such residency), but only if that parent resident in Portugal was also born in Portugal, and provided that such residency in Portugal is not due to service to a foreign State.

A person who is not descended from a Portuguese citizen and who is not covered by the conditions for automatic attribution of nationality by birth in Portugal set out above, has a right to declare that he or she wants to become a Portuguese citizen, and that person becomes a natural-born Portuguese citizen, with effects retroactive to the momement of birth, upon the registration of such declaration in the Portuguese Civil Registry (by application made by that person, once of age, or by a legal representative of that person, during minority), if that person was born in Portugal and:

• had, at the date of birth, a birth parent legally resident in Portugal for at least 5 years, either enjoying Treaty rights (namely, the European Union freedom of movement, for citizens of other Member States of the Union, or the special conditions for settlement in Portugal by citizens of the Member States of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries), or in possession of any of the categories of residence permit issued by the Portuguese State, but provided that such parent’s residency in Portugal was not due to service to a foreign State.

• are foundlings
• have Romanian parents

• 8 years’ residence
• 4 years’ residence (EU citizens), but requires permanent residency which is typically issued after 5 years

• 8 years’ residence (5 years until a permanent residence is acquired plus 3 years of permanent residence)

• both parents are Slovenian citizens; or
• one parent is Slovenian and the other parent is unknown, is of unknown citizenship or is stateless.

A person born outside Slovenia with one Slovenian parent who is not Slovenian automatically may acquire Slovenian citizenship through:

• an application for registration as a Slovenian citizen made at any time before age 36; or
• taking up permanent residence in Slovenia before age 18.

Children adopted by Slovenian citizens may be granted Slovenian citizenship.

• A person of “Slovenian origin” up to the fourth generation in direct descent or a former Slovenian citizen may be naturalised without any residence requirements.

• A total of 10 years residence in Slovenia, including 5 years continuous residence before the application

• Dual citizenship is generally permitted in Slovenia, except for certain persons seeking to become Slovenian citizens by naturalisation they are to renounce any foreign citizenship (the requirement to renounce foreign citizenship may be waived upon special application).

• are stateless, or
• are foundlings

• Children of Spanish citizens

• 10 years’ residence
• 5 years’ residence (refugees)
• 2 years’ residence (for nationals of Iberoamerica, Andorra, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, or if the individual is a Sephardi Jew)
• 1 year’s residence (persons born in Spain)

• Yes (if a Spanish citizen by descent/origin); if naturalising in an Iberoamerican country, Spanish—and EU citizenship—is “dormant” until the return to Spain; see Multiple citizenship.
• No (if a naturalised Spanish citizen, unless from Iberoamerica, Andorra, Philippines, Equatorial Guineaor Portugal)

• are stateless, or
• are foundlings (cancelled if parents found)

• 5 years normal residence permit (not the time limited residence/work permit/Study Permit) and must hold Swedish permanent residence permit at the time of applying or person with a visa intended for settlement in Sweden with 5 years residence in Sweden.
• 2 years if citizen of a Nordic country (i.e. Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway)^[62]

• 5 years’ continuous residence, with at least 12 months’ residence without any conditions (the last year of which without any immigration restrictions, i.e. Indefinite Leave to Remain or permanent residence as an EU citizen)^[63]